Apparatus for the manufacture of coke and gas.



No. 888,136. l PATENTED MAY 19, 1908.

y J. ARMSTRONG. APPARATUS POR THE MANUPACTURE 0F COKE AND GAS.

APPLIGATIGH Hmm .mss 20.1905.

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J. ARMSTRONG. APPARATUS PoR THB MANUPAGTURE UP com: AND GAS.

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APPLICATION FILED JUNE 20. .95.

. 1., 1 Il Il l 1111 1111 Il] PATENTED MAY 19, 1908.

J. ARMSTRONG. APPARATUS POR THE MANUPAGTURE 0F COKE AND GAS.

APPLICATION FILED JUEZ? 20. 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET Ld y, D.V P

. furnace coke,and to be able to use in its 'y structed of tire made in .section on t f lothat when the coke is'discharged roin the PATENT oFFioE.

JOHN ARMSTRONG, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR TEE MANUFACTURE OF COKE-AND GAB.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented May 19, 1908.

Application Med June 20, 1905. Serial No. 268.165.

To all vwhom it. may concern.'

Bc it. lanci-rn that I, JOHN Amisraoivc, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at London, E. C., England, civil engineer, have invented certain new and useful lm-y provements'inAp aratus for theManuiacture of Coke and a's, for which `a plication has been made in Great Britain, o. 14,157, dated June 22, 1904.

This invention has' for its object an apparatus for'manufacturing coke of Va denser, more compact and lhard nature than ordinary manufacture coal or soft coke not generallv used by resent processes. The coal or soft coke suclii as gascoke or steam or anthmcite or other coal, or a mixture of one onmore of these can be used by itself, or in admixture with tar,f pitch, bitumen'or cokin bituminous coal or like substances provied there be just suicient hydrocarbons in the'material to cake under pressure used. The materials are reduced to a fine powder and placed in the umace or oven, or retort.

This furnace, oven, or retort, can be fedv from either above or below.

In th'e drawings, Fi re. 1 is a horizontal section on the line G of Fi 2. Fi 2 is a perpendicular section on tie line F of Fig.,1. 4.lii 3 is a. transverse perpendicular e 'line A B of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 1s a similar section on the line C D of Fig. '1. Fig. 5 is .a sectional detail of the special bricks used for the Hue, and Fig. 6 is a transverse sectionv of the injector device. Fis.. 7 is a vertical section through the line A B of Fig. 9. Fig. 8 a vertical section through the line C D of Fig. 1, and Fig. 9 a cross section through the brick-work of Figs. 7 and 8, Figs. 7, 8 and 9 being an alternative arrangeinentto Figs. 1 to 6.

I will describe first Figs..1 to 6.

This furnace, oven or apparatus, is conbrick, 'or other fire resisting materials, bound on the outside with iron plates y, strengthened by the angle pieces z, these plates may be cast in sections, or wrought iron 'or steel sect-ions, in convenient sizes, with A steel strengthening icces running the Whole perpendicular eight, inserte between the joints at z, the structure is erected u on an airtight chamber, either. constructe i)of brick or metal, and shown at P P P. This chamber has at one or both ends airtight fitting doors not shown',

apparatus above, it falls into wagons, which are periodically removed through the' airtight doors, the object of this airtight chamber is for the purpose of collecting the cokt-I and preventing theaccess of air to the with lirebricks, or other fire resistingv niaterials, and is made with its walls tapering from top to bottom, that is, it is made wide.' :it the' bottom than at the top, so that the coke may descend freely, thelower part of the rhziiiibcr may either be constructed with solid brit-kwork or preferably with water-tickets shown at LL on sections, the walls oi the chamber or cell, are constructed with heating hues,-

rmprkedff.v These are vertical flucs running the whole height of the chamber.- These iiues are. heated b v gas. introduced by the burners h .t by nieans of the gas pipes.) l primary air may be introduced to the gas hurners by high-pressure injectors shown at k c' both the gas and the primary air are regulated by the valves J and lf2, the apparatus may be heated With gas and Aprimary air alone, or the injector, jets may be made comparatively small and used in conjunction with scco'ndaijyv air, which asccnds through the flues in the' brickwork at I, and descends again by the flues g entering the combustion flue f at the bottom, the secondary air traversing the hot brickworlc by means of the iucs a'. and g becomes highly h. ated, and combining with the giis roducs a very high temperature in the ci in ustioii fliies f lt may be also observed that these lucs maj.; be heated 'with the as and the seoiidsrj-r air alone, as well as with the giisand the primary air alope, or with the threepconibiiied.

As it is essential to have a high tempera-- ture iii thc lower portion of the chamber e e 'the walls of the chamber are constructed Nery thin, h v means of speciallire bricks,-or

,other lire resisting materials, forir'icd as shown in Fig. 5;' fis the combustion flue..

f2 is the thin wall between-'thc combustion ilueand the chamber e.

shows the divisions between the separate combustion Ilucsyin order to make this part of the apparatus rigid and stron f, the divi' sions f ure prolonged into the so id wall at f, whilef2 and j" are ioiritsfJ and This not onlj,7 strengthens the thin bric work but forms the. necessary provided with rabbeted gnstight joints, and the fluesf, being. very numerous and of comparatively small dixnensions7 the divisionsj" become buttresses for the internnl pressure in the chamber e. By this arrangement the heut is also evenlyy distributed round the chamber. The prod nets of combustion nre taken away from the top of the fluesfby ineens of the mein ilue lt to the chimney. The gas burners constructed on the gas pipe J and also the primary uir pipe nre preferably connected up to the main pipes by means of flexible tubing, und are so constructed that they may be. easily withdrawn, for the purpose of cleuning or repairs; apertures in the brickwork, shown :itv 2, ure inserted for the purpose of elearning the bottom of the iluesf, und for observa? tion. These apertures ure closed with proper doors.

The clnunber c is surmounted on the topl by the charging apparatus S, which supplics the coul in powder form through the revolving apparut-us a o a2 a, which is cctuuted by the gearing 'zc u. the wings ofthe apparatus a are. perforated for the purpose of al owing the gas that fills the empty division at' :is it uscends to the position ol' o' to get buck again into the top ol the chamber e at b, otherwise at esuli revolution upwards of the compart ments c a a2 a3 gus would be lost, but with the pcrforntions in the wings, und as the receptacle S is always kept full of 'wdercd coul un ellectuul pas seal. is nuire to the chumber e. The apparatus o is so arranged that. it introduces the coul in snndl quunti-.

ties nt regular intervals, so that the surface of the coal in the chamber e is tlwuys kept nt the level shown at e e. chamber :it this point are formed of a water jacket lV to prevent the coking mass sticking und thus arching nt tlis point. The chum# ber c is also provided with exits for gais, as shown at c into the hydraulic main, shown ut D, or these muy be dispensed with, und the gas drown oil' at the bottom through the nirtight chamber l. By the irst method illuminating gus is produced rich in hydrocarbons-5 v by the second method u min-illuminating gus is produced rich in hydrogen; means ure pro-- vided in the gas exits c und c', in the hydraulic maui, for cleaning purposes, by movnblc covers on the top ol c.

The theory of the working: of this method:

consists as follows;-In producing better dry coke u nd more gus, than is possible by means of horizontal retorts, 1t 1s a well-known fact that under the retort system of gus producA tlon, where the feeding of the coal into ordinary h ot retorts within which it is .spread outv a few inches deep, alone,r the bottom of the' retort, the gas cornes in contact with the heated upper portion of the roofof the retort,w herc c disintegrating process goes on by which the heavy hydrocarbons are de-f' posited 1n the form of retort carbon, while' The sides of. thev of the ons is ex paratus on the top, keeping the leve in some instances, the hydrocarbons, which ought to be the illulninatinv portion of the gas, are "ren over in a condenscble form es naplxtha ene, owingr to the high temoernture as above stated prevailinv in the ordlnary 79 retort. On the other han the heet prevailing in ordinary retorts is not high enough to extract the whole of the gas from the coal Wit-hin the time allotted, whereby a larffe uantityolcloweandle-powergasis lost. n t 1e present invention these two ends are obtrained, first, in the distillation of the illuminating hydrocarbons, at a low temperature, without the gus coming in contact with any highly heated surface, the coal is systemat- 80 ically charged in small quantities into thc cool region of the chamber e e, which prevents they rise, thereby leaving u cool region at the. top'of the chamber e, just where it 1s required for the distillation o? hydrocarbons, but as this system is a. continuous one, the coal undcrgoing distillation is continually' falling by its own gravit-y down the chamber e e whereby it is gradually exposed t-oA un increasing temperature, until it attains the hottest regions, immediately above the burners li. The tempera ture in this region being greater than is possible in ordinary retorts the whole s elled from the coal, producing an increase quantity beyond that which is possible -by means of ordinurv retorts, but the gas that is, produced in the regions of' high temperature will be poor in illuminante` but considering the high illuminating power of the hydrocarbons, distilled in the upper portion. when the two gases are mixed in the hydraulic main, a. larger quantity of average illuminating gas is produced. `The high tem era-ture prevailing in the second zone com ined with the pressure of the superincumbent charge in the upper regions of the chamber e, produces a hard dense, and superior coketo that which is made in horizontal retorts, when it has passed bottom of these )voter-jackets rollers m m are. constructed which revolve at acertain speed by gearing O, discharging the coke at a rate commensurate with the charg'in apl o? the Therollers coal inside the chamber at e e.

are constructed with grooyes or notches on ...Num

'come hcated in its their riphery for the pur of catching the co. c am. jseharging it t trough the aperture c@ into the airtight chamber P P P underneath. i

Referring now to Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9, which as already stated show-a modification of they preceding arrangcnwnt, the two difl'cr chiefly rom one another in that this modification 1s fed from below, while in the other it is fed from above. Like letters relate to like parte in the two sets of drawings, but parte in this modification not corres )ending to ahy in Figs. l to 6 are described in numerals:- bnckwork in both is substantially the saine,v and therefore need not further be describd." Itis heated bv means of gas conveyed to ihres f by the burners h shown more clearly in Fig. 6. A small 'et of high pressure airis inserted at l." which forms an induced current of gas through the burners h in which the air and as are mixed, air coming rom pipe k and t e as through pipe J., these bemg mixed in t rec uired proportions, but alterable at lcasurc by valveq-m these ipes as alread i escx'ibed, the dimension! the' pipes am the rassure of thegas and air respectively being designed for the purposeY an by well knownrulcs. By the fol ce o the jet of the primary air, the gas is carried a longer distance up the lluef' before complete combustion takes place than would occur by ordinary` means. It also induces a hot current of secondary air down pi )e g from a, flue 2 open to the atmozihcrc. his air has beesccnt down the flue g, and thus a high temperature can he maintained for a very great distance up the ilues` f. The coal is inserted into.thc chambers by means of the hvdraulic rams 3 which can be worked by hydraulic means or bythe hand wheel 4 on shaft '5 carrving-worm 6 round worm wheel 7 on ramrod 8. The coal enters thc box 9 in which the ram is situated through a hopper l0, the worm m driving it forward' when' the ram is lowered. When the space closed by the lowering of thc ramA is iilled in this way, the rain is raised, thus forcing the entire contents of the 'chamber e upwards. A irm consistency is thus given to the coal; and a sort of arch is formed through the curved surface of ram 3. Skt: backs 0r side 'ams 2 are provided at the bot.- toin of cham er e at Fig. 7 which hold the 'coal in position when the ram is lowered in order to fill the chamber 9 with coal. The effect of this action is that the coal is intro- -duced into the hottest region of the furnace under pressure c ual to the weight of the coal and coke in t e whole chamber, in some 'cases averaging from seven to ten'pounds to the square inch'. By this means coke has been manufactured of a very hard and dense nature, the cellular structure' of which is exceedingly small .and compact even from a class of coal which practically lquenes in the furnace, and which ifI ordinary means were employed would only result lr. a very light use css spongy coke. tornatic 1n the discharge of the finished coke, for as fresh coal is inserted at thebottom,

the chamber being full it gradually ascends toiepout 13 by the traveling cndless'diggor From the chute S it is dischar ed cold intl) wagons, the valves'26 being used for the purpose to prevent the esca e of gas except during the ipe I?, and hydrau 'c mainlti. if the gas e taken ofi' at the bottom; it will retain The apparatus 1s aus* than at the botmrn to.

the moment of disc larve. The gas can either be taken off at the bottom or it' can be taken oli' at the to of the chamber by' all its h droearbons, ammonia and tar,

whereas i it be taken'oti' at the top it will have deposited all its higher hydrocarbons and tar in the coke and thus the coke will be enriched and improved While a gas consist-v ing mainly of methane o i a great heating power .but little illuminating power will be given ofi.' Means are rovided for the circulation of a current o cold water throughthe head of the ram, pipes 19 and 20hbeing .used for the purpose.. z

I claim as my invention- .1. In an apparatus for e manufacture of coke and gas, comprising a h vertical coking-chamber, vertical combustion flues sur' roundin said chamberand' communicating with a ue leading into a suitable exhaust device cnil air heat' flues formed in-the brick wor of said cldxing chamber and extending from the top thereof to a oint in proximity to the .Fottom of said c amber; the combination o gas and air injecting devices adapted to force the air upwards intoY said combustion fines from the bottom thereof, and a connection at bottom between the air heatihg llues and the combustion llues be sidewthe orifice .of the injecting device to.

adapt said device to assist in drawing the sec-v ondary or heated air down through the hot brick work.

2. In a furnace of the-.character described of dovetailed brick construction, the combination of a coking chamber, a plurality of heating lines partly surrounding said chamber, and communicating with a suitable exhaust device, air heating hues located in the brick work and traversing substantially the entire length of said furnace, air injectors for -forcing'the air upwards' into thc combustion fines 'and means whereby the injectors are caused to aseist' in-driving the secondary heated air down through the hot brick work.

3. Thelcombination of a high vertical ook-- chamber with a vertically operating ram,

gaged gas through the highly heated coke,

whereb)v tur and hydrocarbons released ro'n thc coal are decomposed and the carbon deposit ed in the coke enrichingr the same.

4. The combination of a high narrow vertical coking chamber closed to the admission of nir, of vertically actuated feeding'I means at the bottom of said chamber, and discharging devices at the top of said chamber, cooling devices at the top and bottom of said cnamber and in the vertical feedingr means, andmeans for heating said eoking chamber.

5. In an apparatus for the menufaature of coke and gus, a narrow vertical closed eoking through the fuel as it is formed, and can be decomposed by the hot fuel with deposition of carbon before its escape.

6. An apparatus for the manufacture of f coke and gas comprising long narrow vertical coking chambers closed from access of air, a.

E vertical feeding rem located below said chambers, and feeding directly into them, vertical heating' lines arranged on Aeach side of said coking chambers and a high pressure atmospheric air and ,gas burner for injecting air l into the. end of each heating flue in the direstion of its axis.

7. In an apparatus for the. manufacture of coke and gas, a plurality of @cking chambers l, dening towards the point of exit of the gas and coke, a plurality of heating lues on both sides of said chambers, a ram located at. the 5 bottom of said chambers and carrying the weight 'of the charge, means for raising and lowering said ram, means for feeding coal on tothe said ram in its lowest position, and

side jambs for holding the fuel pressed up by l the ram While the latter takes a fresh charge,

chamber, wider at the exit for the coke and V,gras than at the entrance point where the fuel is admitted, whereby the gas can freely pass 'i substantially as described.

i In Witness whereof, I have hereunto signed i my name this seventh day of June, 1905, in l the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

JOHN ARMSTRONG.

l vWitnesses: i EDWIN COUBTNEY WLEER, l JOSEPH PHILLIPS CBAWLEY. 

